Oil burner



Oct. 4, 1927. 1,644,496

L. L. SCOTT V OIL BURNER Filed Feb, 23, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR LEWIS L. Sco'r ATTORNEY octn 4, L. L-

'OIL BURNER.

Filed Feb. 25, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet R O T N E V W.

LEBWIS L. ScOTT Ml ATTORNEY 1,644,496 Oct. 1927 L. SCOTT OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 23, 1922 5 Shee'tsSheet 5 INVENTOR LEWIS L. ScoT'r ATTORNEY Patented Dot, 4, 1927.

STATE 1,644,4 P T T PEC;

Lewis" scoirr. on S tOU S MISSOURI, assrciion 'ro ELEo'r'RoL'JNo. orfm s sonnr.

on s'r; 'Loms, MISSOURI,

a CORPORATIONJOF nrss'oum. f v

OIL B'imnnn.

Application flledFebruaryQS, 922. Serial-No. 538.559.

This invention relates to-"novel apparatus for 'use inburning heavy oils which are practically non-volatile at normal temperature. While this invention can be used for many purposesyl havev shown it as applled to a furnace such as is used for domestic heatlng. One of the objects of this invention is to thoroughly mix the burning oil with air so" that combustion 'will be complete. 1 Another objectis to provide means for automatically igniting the mixture of oil and "air, by an electric spark and to provide means for cutting off the after ignition. takes place. A further- 0bject is to-so direct the incoming air that there will be no flame ofburning fuel at the points of the spark plug or around the fuel nozzle; by this arrangement, sootlng of the spark plug and nozzle is prevented. A further'objectis to create a flame of low veqlocity; by so doing, two very important things are accomplished; i. e.- the fire is practically noiseless, and the chimney temerature' is lowered because more of the eat-is absorbedby the'furnace. A further object is to so arrange the name of burning oil-in ahas been'designed'for burning coal) .so that heat will not be lost in;the' ash-pit part'of said furnace. and so that heat will be stored 7 up in fire brickcwhich are placed on the grate bars of 'sa'id ifurnacefi A further" obect is to provide" a means of "catching n nburned fuelfincase of failure of igmtion; and returning said fuel to a safety device; which is designed to act'under' certam condi- 'tionsto=shut'-ofi the flowof fuel."

The invention is illustrated in the accompanyingtlrawi'ngs, of which';"Figure '1 is a vertical sectional view of' the lower partof a domestic hot air furnace showing my improved'foil burner attached" thereto; the airpipe and safety float" of Eigure; lfare shown partly in section; said section being taken on "the lined-+11 of Figure -fl. Figure 2 5s a plan viewiof theairblower parts as shown in Figure 1'.- "Figure '3 is a m Figure 1. Figu e '4" is an enlarged sec- 5 tiona-l view of the air'ir'eceiving housing shown in Figure 3 1* which :receives the air and directs aroundfli 'fuel spray. Fig; ure 5 is a sectionion-the' line 2- -2 of'Figu're 4. Figure-Gish side viewflof the casting" which carries the'spark'plug and fuel nozzle,"

electric spark domestic furnace. (which furnace and connected? jfint plan-viewof the" castings showni'inf section I p y 2 'throughjthe si s 23. 116 will be noted that the ca's'tingZQ has a raised bQ S 2 4 whe1're 105 the pipeflfi connects to said casting;

which casting is' shown insection in: Figure 4. Figure 7 isa diagrammatic drawing showing the complete wiring idlagram and control switches.

Referring now to the drawings, the numm .eral 1 indicates the drum of a domestic furace; 2 indicatesthegrate bars commonly-- used with a coal fired furnace; 3 is'the fire door opening;"4 is the fire door of said furnace; 5 'is the ash door; 6 is an electric motor which drives the fan 7 and oil pump 8. The suction pipe 9 runs to an oil tank (not shown); 'oil'is delivered under pressure through the pipe 10 to the fuel spray nozzle 11. The spraynozzle 11 can-'be any of the well known pressure spraying fuel nozzles. 12is a blower housing which jdelivers low pressure air throughthe pipe 131 to the air receiver 14. The casting 15 is remo'vably attached to the airreceiver 14 and carries thesparkplug-16and fuel noz-' 'zle 11. l The spark plug and nozzle are lo-' cated entirely outside of the furnace proper, and the electric wires" connected to "the former will thus not'be subjected to the heattw within the furnace. In-otherwordsfthe spark plug is inserted into the wall of "the air receiving casting 141 from V the outside; and the" electrical connections to this spark" plug project outward-frmnthe'wall "of the aid receivingcasting. Anjair deflector plate i 17 is attached 'to'the casting' l, the purpose of which will 'be describedf later. The casting 15 is provided" with thei'holes 18-(s 'e Figures Lind the Pu pose of said h'olesneo will be described later.- JQ' i -a pi e,

'ferably curved downward,which is attac "ed to the'air receiver l i'and tothe-furnace '1 andjis' for the purpose ofconducting and directing the burning fu'eh'mix ture into'lthe furnace.-- 20' is a box-like casting having an v open top, said casting rests on' th'e'fire bricks 21 which fire bricks"'rest -on' the grate barsj 2.' The-casting QO-"servesthep' "ingvth e turning ue1i and" air,"

"frbaie'le i ectr I 1 ;1 0:100 serves" the purpose {of catching unburned ff l l event said fuelfails' to ignite) and f' returningsaid fuel to mes -fay chamberoperating in the "norm'aiway. I have found, .110

- that when the burner is started there is a a thermostat which is usually controlling an 54. -1twillmove s used for balancing the weig the coil small amount of wet fuel that will 'drg out into the casting 20, which fuel is burn as soon as the burner is operating for a few minutes. If I did. not provide this raised boss, the fuel would run into the pipe 23 and would operate the safety device when there was no occasion for operating it. 25 is a metal float which is attached to the arm 26, which arm is pivoted at 27. 28 1s a rod which is moved u ward by the operation of the float25 and w iich acts to break the cirsuit to the motor 6, there ll ig stopping the mu 8 (see Figure 7 e operation of aeelectnc circuit brea or to the motor will be described later. 29 is a ring which is iit of the float 25. 30is a metal box which is mounted on the housing 12 and which incloses the control switches, transformer and spark coil; these parts are shown diagrammatically in 7. o 81 is a hand switch for taming on the mam line current. Referrin now to Figure 7, the numeral 32 indicates t e main line circuit, 83'indicates a transformer, the

coil 84 of which is connected to the main line circuit through the wires 33-A and 34-A. 35 indicates a spark coil which is connected to the winding 86 of the transformer 33 through the wires 35-A and 48, said spark coil furnishes current to the spark In 16. 37 indicates an electric contact w ic is mounted on the flat spring 38; 39 is a flat spring, the end of which is engaged in the endo the flat spring 40. The spring 40 is secured to the post 4 and bears against the rod 28. The springs 38 and 39 are secured to the post 42. The contact 37 bears against the contact 48 and forms a switch or circuit breaker in the main line wire 44 so that when contacts 37 and 43 are separated, the mam line circuits-are broken. 45 indicates laced in the room of the house; said thermostat is a pted to move in one direction when the room is cold and in the opposite direction when the temperature in the roomrises. The purpose ofthe thermostat 45 is to control the operation of the motor 6 (which motor controls the flow of oil to the furnace),

the temperature in the room in which the thermostat is located. 46 is an electro-magnet which gets its current from 86 of the transformer 33 through the wires 47 and 48, the switches 49 and 50 are located in the line 48. The magnet 46 when energized, will move the armature 51 to the left as shown in the drawing. The magnet 52 gets its current from the same source as magnet 46, but the current to said et 52 is controlled by the switches 53 en the magnet 52 is energized the armature to the right. The armature 51 is pivoted at 55 and the u per part of said armature contains the ba 56,

thereby which hall is pressed was by the spring 57. 58 is a fixed piece of metal which is located between thearms 59 and 60. Thearm 59 is pivoted at 61 and said arm carries the contact 62, which is the switch the motor 6, and the contact 63, which is the switch for breaking the circuit to the magnet 46. The arm is pivoted at 64 and said arm carries the contact 65, which is the switch to the spark coil 35, and the contact 54, which is the switch for breaking the circuit to the ma et 52. The numeral 66 indicates a P1608; of thermostatic metal which is fixed at one end to the post 67, and carries the contact 68 at the opposite end. The contact 68 is connccted in series with the switch through the wire 69 and thereby tion of the spark coil 35. The post 67 is grounded through the wire 67-A as is the wire 68-A which is connected to one side of the primary winding of the spark coil 35. The thermostatic metal ,66 is adapted to move upward when heated so as to break the contact between 68 and 69. 70 is a coil of wire which is wound around the'insulating material 71, which insulating material fits loosely around the thermostatic metal 66. The coil 70 is connected in series with the motor 6 by the wires 72 and 73. When the motor 6 is started, the current flowing controls the opera-.

through the coil 70 will heat up the thermostatic metal 66 and cause same to move u ward so as to open the switch 68 and thereby onl allow the spark coil 35 to operate for a ort periodof time after the motor is started. When the motor is shut oil the thermostatic metal will cool of and close the switch 68.

I will now describe the of my oil burner. Let us assume that the fire has been burning and the room temperature has been brought up to the desired point and that the motor 6 has 'ust been shut off. As the room temperature drops, the thermostat 45 will move to the right and close the switch 53 thereby sending current through the magnet 52, whereupon the armature 51 will move to the right, thereby allowing the arm 59 to dro downward and movin the arm 60 upwar As thearm 59 drops diwnward, the switches 62 and 63 close and the motor 6 starts. As the arm 60 moves upward the switch 54 opens, breaking the circuit to the magnet 52, and the switch 65 closes, thereby sending current to the s arkgeneral operation The funnel-like casting 15 forces the air I toward the outlet pipe 19. The plate 17 acts to direct the air around the points of the spark plug 16 and fuel nozzle 11 so that the air velocity at these points is high enough to prevent flame. propagation around the spark plug points and fuel nozzle. Themixture of air and fuel is ignited by the spark plu 16 and the flame of said mixture is directe into the furnace by the outlet pipe 19. I have found that by bringing the am around the fuel spray in the form of an involute curve and that, by forcing. said air toward the outlet before said air reaches the fuel spray and that by making an enlarged outlet, I can produce combustion that is complete and that burns with practically nonoise. It is very desirable to have an oil fire that is noiseless, as the noise of the common oil fire is very annoying when used in domestic heating and also when used in a steam automobile. The 'vortex formed by the air in the receiver 14 will cause air from the outside to be sucked in around the fuel nozzle and spark plug through the holes 18. This additional air helps to get better mixing of air and fuel and better combustion.

I am fully aware of the fact that it is not new to ignite a spray of oil by an electr c spark and that it is not new to hung in a r around said fuel spray tangential to an air receiver which is located around said fuel spray. These features are clearl shown in Patent Number 1,207,897, to ohn Good dated December 12, 1916.

In the event that the fuel should fail to ignite it will run into the casting20- and out through the pipe 23 to the casting 22, whereupon the float 25 will move upward thereby moving the rod. 28 and spring 40 upward (see Figure 7), as spring 40 movesupward it will move out of engagement with the spring 39 and said spring 39 will move to the left thereby moving spring 38 and contact 37 to the left so that the main line circuit to the motor will be broken and the motor will stop pumping oil.

I claim:

1. In an oil burning system,'means for spraying oil comprising a spray nozzle, means for furnishing air to the oil spray to promote combustion, means for ignitlng the sprayed oil, a casting for receiving the arr, an outlet pipe leading from sa1d casting 1n a direction at right angles to the path of the air entering said casting, and an air deflector plate located in proximity to sa1d spray nozzle and igniting means and arranged to direct the air around the same and toward the outlet of the air receiving casting, said spray nozzle and ignition device being set into said air receiving casting in the path of the incoming air, and the former being arranged to s ray fuel in the direction of the outlet of sa1d air receiving casting.

2. In an oil burning system, means for spraying oil comprising a spray nozzle, an air blower for furnishing air to the oil spray to promote combustion, means for igniting the sprayed oil, a casting for IGcBlVlIl" air from the air blower, and an outlet pipe leading from said casting in a direction at right angles to the path of the air entering said casting, said spray nozzle being located within the air receiving casting and arranged to spray the fuel in the direction of the outlet of said air receiving casting, the wall of said casting being provided with openings arranged around said spray nozz e, and said casting being shaped to cause the air to form a vortex and thereby induce a flow of air through said openings into said air receiving casting.

3. In a heating furnace designed for burning coal and having a fire door and an ash door and coal grate bars, an oil burner arranged to project a flame of burning oil through the fire door opening of said furnace, means for storing heat located on said grate bars, and means for catching unburned fuel and returning said fuel to the outside of the furnace, supported by said heat storing means.

4. In an oil burning system, means for spraying oil comprising a spray nozzle, means for furnishmg air to said oil spray to promote combustion, means for igmting the sprayed oil, a casting providing a chamher for receivin the air, said chamber havmg an outlet, sa1d spra nozzle being located within the said cham er and arranged to spray fuel in the direction of the outlet of said chamber, and an air deflector plate located in proximity to said spray nozzle and igniting means and arranged to direct the air around the same and toward the outlet of the said chamber at such velocity as to cause the flame from ignition to burn at a point removed from said spray nozzle and i ition means.

5. 11 an oil burning apparatus, a spray nozzle for finely dividing the oil, an electric ignition device for igniting the sprayed fuel, means for furnishing air to the fuel spray to promote combustion, and means forcausing the air so. furnished to follow the path of the involute of a circle, and thereby be rotated about the spray nozzle to form a vortezt in the zone of the ignition device so tliat lgnition of the oil will readily take p ace.

6. In an oil burning apparatus, a spraynozzle for finely dividing the 011, means for forcing fuel throu h said spray nozzle under pressure and t ereby mechanically spraying it, an electric ignition device for igniting the sprayed fuel, means for furnishing a rotating body of air to the fuel spray to promote combustion, said electric ignition device and spray nozzle being located in the 1. nozzle bein spray will be readily vortex of said rotatingbody of air, so that by so locating the ignition device, said fuel will be readilyi ited.

7. In an 011 urnin apparatus, a spray l nozzle for finely divi ing the oil, an electric ignition device-for igniting the sprayed: fuel, means for furnishing a rotating body.

of air to the fuel spray to permitcombustion, said electric'ignition deviceand s ray located in the vortex o the rotating y of-air so that said body of air rotates around the spray nozzle and igni-.

spraying oil comprising a spray nozzle, an

throug air blower for furnishing air to said oil "spray to promote. combustion, means for igniting the sprayed oil, a casting providing a chamber for receiving air from the air blower, said chamber having an outlet, said spray nozzle being located within said chamber' and arran to spray fuel inthe direction of the out et thereof, and the wall of said chamber having openings arranged around the ignition device, and being shaped to cause the incoming air to form-a, vortex, whereb to cause additional air to be drawn said openings into said chamber. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

LEWIS L. SCOTT. 

